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Transplant in patients MF: the next best approach after matched donor allo-HSCT

By Sabina Ray

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Apr 24, 2024

Learning objective: After reading this article, learners will be able to cite a new clinical development in myelofibrosis.


Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) is currently the only curative treatment option for patients with myelofibrosis (MF). In the absence of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor, cord blood transplant (CBT) or HLA-haploidentical transplant (haplo-HSCT) provide other options for these patients – although the best of these options remains unclear.1

Here, we summarize a retrospective study by Sakatoku et al.1 published in Nature on February 20, 2024, comparing CBT and haplo-HSCT as alternative transplant options for MF.

Study design1

  • This multicenter study analyzed patient data from the Japanese Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy between 2003 and 2019.
  • Patients were undergoing HSCT for the first time to treat MF.

Key findings1

  • Overall, 77 patients with MF were included, with 27 undergoing haplo-HSCT and 50 undergoing CBT.
  • The median age was 59 years, and conditioning intensity before transplant was similar in both groups.
  • More patients were male than female in both groups (78% and 70%, respectively).
  • Most patients had not been treated by a Janus kinase inhibitor prior to transplant in both groups (59% and 74%, respectively).

Results1

  • The median time to neutrophil recovery was longer in CBT recipients compared with haplo-HSCT recipients (27 vs 17 days).
  • However, final neutrophil engraftment and survival responses were comparable between groups (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Neutrophil engraftment and survival responses in patients with MF who received haplo-HSCT compared with CBT* 

CBT, cord blood transplant; CI, cumulative incidence, GvHD, graft-versus-host disease; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; MF, myelofibrosis; NRM, non-relapse mortality; OS; overall survival. 
*Adapted from Sakatoku K, et al.1. 
Defined as the patient being alive at 28 days with an absolute neutrophil count <0.5×109/L. 
After 3 years. 

 

  • Other studies report similar findings, as captured in a recent report from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Key learnings

  • In line with previous studies’ findings in both MF and acute leukemia, these data continue to support haplo-HSCT and CBT as options for allo-HSCT in patients with MF without an HLA-matched donor.
  • Further investigations with larger sample sizes are needed to further elucidate the differences in outcomes between these options.

References

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