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2024-09-03T09:28:16.000Z

Prophylactic GvHD treatment with ATLG in patients with myelofibrosis

Sep 3, 2024
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Learning objective: After reading this article, learners will be able to cite a new clinical development in graft-versus-host disease.


Treatment with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATLG) can reduce the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from related or unrelated donors; however, data on the use of ATG/ATLG in patients with myelofibrosis are limited.1 Results from a retrospective analysis to assess the impact of ATLG on outcomes of patients with myelofibrosis undergoing allo-HSCT were published in Bone Marrow Transplantation by Rathje, et al.1 


Key learnings1

The study found that the cumulative incidence of acute GvHD (aGvHD) Grade IIIV (30% vs 56%; p<0.001), aGvHD Grade IIIIV (20% vs 25%; p = 0.01), and severe chronic GvHD (cGvHD; 7% vs 18%; p = 0.04) was lower in the ATLG cohort (n = 469) vs the no ATLG cohort (n = 238), while the incidences of mild-to-severe cGvHD were similar (49% vs 50%; p = 0.52). 

ATLG treatment was associated with a notable improvement in the estimated GvHD-free and relapse-free survival (GRFS) at 3 years (53% vs 47%; p=0.04) and 6 years (45% vs 37%; p=0.02), particularly in patients with matched related or unrelated donors. 

Despite the benefits in reducing GvHD and improving GRFS, there were no significant differences between the ATLG and no ATLG cohorts in terms of estimated overall survival at 6 years (64% vs 60%; p=0.53), cumulative incidences of relapse at 6 years (12% vs 15%; p=0.62), and non-relapse mortality at 1 year (20% vs 19%; p=0.80) and 3 years (27% vs 29%; p=0.55). 

These findings suggest that ATLG treatment can improve GRFS, mainly driven by a reduction in aGvHD, in patients with myelofibrosis undergoing allo-HSCT with a matched related or unrelated donor.  

  1. Rathje K, Gagelmann N, Salit RB, et al. Anti-T-lymphocyte globulin improves GvHD-free and relapse-free survival in myelofibrosis after matched related or unrelated donor transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2024;59(8):1154-1160. DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02291-6 

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